#FactCheck-Old Kashmir operation visuals falsely shared as BSF action on Bangladeshi infiltrator at Tripura border

Data has become a critical asset for the advancement of a nation’s economic, social, and technological development. India’s emergence as a global digital economy hub makes it necessary to create a robust framework that addresses the challenges and opportunities of digital transformation. The Indian government introduced the Draft National Data Governance Framework Policy in 2022, aiming to create a comprehensive data handling and governance framework. This policy draft addresses key challenges in data management, privacy, and digital economy growth.  As per the recent media reports, the Draft National Data Governance Policy so prepared is under the finalisation stage, the government specified in its implementation document for the Budget 2023-24 announcement. The policy also aims to address the country's AI adoption and the issue of lack of datasets by providing widespread access to anonymized data.

Background and Need for the Policy

India has a robust digital economy with its adoption of the Digital India Initiative, Aadhaar digital identification, UPI for seamless payments and many more. In India, 751.5 million people connect to the internet, and is home to 462.0 million social media users in January 2024, equivalent to 32.2% of its total population (Data Reportal 2024). This has brought challenges including data privacy concerns, cybersecurity threats, digital exclusion, and a need for better regulation frameworks. To overcome them, the Draft National Data Governance Policy has been designed to provide institutional frameworks for data rules, standards, guidelines, and protocols for the sharing of non-personal data sets in a manner that ensures privacy, security, and trust so that they remain secure, transparent, and accountable.

Objectives omphasizesf the Framework 

The objective of the Framework Policy is to accelerate Digital Governance in India. The framework will standardize data management and security standards across the Government. It will promote transparency, accountability, and ownership in Non-Personal data and dataset access and build a platform to receive and process data requests. It will also set quality standards and promote the expansion of the datasets program and overall non-personal ecosystem. Further, it aims to build India’s digital government goals and capacity, knowledge, and competency in Government departments and entities. All this would be done while ensuring greater citizen awareness, participation, and engagement. 

Key Provisions of the Draft Policy 

The Draft Framework Policy aims to establish a cohesive digital governance ecosystem in India that balances the need for data utilization with protecting citizens' privacy rights. It sets up an institutional framework of the "India Data Management Office (IDMO) set up under the Digital India Corporation (DIC) which will be responsible for developing rules, standards, and guidelines under this Policy. 

The key provisions of the framework policy include: 

• Promoting interoperability among government digital platforms, ensuring data privacy through data anonymization and security, and enhancing citizen access to government services through digital means. 
• The policy e the creation of unified digital IDs, a standardisation in digital processes, and data-sharing guidelines across ministries to improve efficiency. 
• It also focuses on building digital infrastructure, such as cloud services and data centres in order to support e-governance initiatives. 
• Furthermore, it encourages public-private partnerships and sets guidelines for accountability and transparency in digital governance.

Implications and Concerns of the Framework 

• The policy potentially impacts data sharing in India as it mentions data anonymization. The scale of data that would need to be anonymised in India is at a very large scale and it could become a potential challenge to engage in. 
• Data localization and cross-border transfers have raised concerns among global tech companies and trade partners. They argue that such requirements could increase operational costs and hinder cross-border data flows. Striking a balance between protecting national interests and facilitating business operations remains a critical challenge.
• Another challenge associated with the policy is over-data centralization under the IDMO and the potential risks of government overreach in data access.

Key Takeaways and Recommendations

The GDPR in the European Union and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act passed in 2023 in India and many others are the data privacy laws in force in different countries. The policy needs to be aligned with the DPDP Act, 2023 and be updated as per the recent developments. It further needs to maintain transparency over the sharing of data and a user’s control. The policy needs engagement with industry experts, privacy advocates, and civil society to ensure a balance of innovation with privacy and security.

Conclusion

The Draft National Data Governance Framework Policy of 2022 represents a significant stage in shaping India's digital future. It ensures the evolution of data governance evolves alongside technological advancements. The framework policy seeks to foster a robust digital ecosystem that benefits citizens, businesses, and the government alike by focusing on the essentials of data privacy, transparency, and security. However, achieving this vision requires addressing concerns like data centralisation, cross-border data flows, and maintaining alignment with global privacy standards. Continued engagement with stakeholders and necessary updates to the draft policy will be crucial to its success in balancing innovation with user rights and data integrity. The final version of the policy is expected to be released soon.

References

• https://meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/National-Data-Governance-Framework-Policy.pdf
• https://datareportal.com/?utm_source=DataReportal&utm_medium=Country_Article_Hyperlink&utm_campaign=Digital_2024&utm_term=India&utm_content=Home_Page_Link
• https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2023/03/data-by-people-for-people-tiwari-packer-matthan
• https://inc42.com/buzz/draft-national-data-governance-policy-under-finalisation-centre/  
• https://legal.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/government-unveiled-national-data-governance-policy-in-budget-2023/97680515

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Introduction 

In today's digital age, we consume a lot of information and content on social media apps, and it has become a daily part of our lives. Additionally, the algorithm of these apps is such that once you like a particular category of content or show interest in it, the algorithm starts showing you a lot of similar content. With this, the hype around becoming a content creator has also increased, and people have started making short reel videos and sharing a lot of information. There are influencers in every field, whether it's lifestyle, fitness, education, entertainment, vlogging, and now even legal advice.

The online content, reels, and viral videos by social media influencers giving legal advice can have far-reaching consequences. ‘LAW’ is a vast subject where even a single punctuation mark holds significant meaning. If it is misinterpreted or only partially explained in social media reels and short videos, it can lead to serious consequences. Laws apply based on the facts and circumstances of each case, and they can differ depending on the nature of the case or offence. This trend of ‘swipe for legal advice’ or ‘law in 30 seconds’, along with the rise of the increasing number of legal influencers, poses a serious problem in the online information landscape. It raises questions about the credibility and accuracy of such legal advice, as misinformation can mislead the masses, fuel legal confusion, and create risks.

Bar Council of India’s stance against legal misinformation on social media platforms 

The Bar Council of India (BCI) on Monday (March 17, 2025) expressed concern over the rise of self-styled legal influencers on social media, stating that many without proper credentials spread misinformation on critical legal issues. Additionally, “Incorrect or misleading interpretations of landmark judgments like the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), the Right to Privacy ruling in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India, and GST regulations have resulted in widespread confusion, misguided legal decisions, and undue judicial burden,” the body said. The BCI also ordered the mandatory cessation of misleading and unauthorised legal advice dissemination by non-enrolled individuals and called for the establishment of stringent vetting mechanisms for legal content on digital platforms. The BCI emphasised the need for swift removal of misleading legal information.

Conclusion

Legal misinformation on social media is a growing issue that not only disrupts public perception but also influences real-life decisions. The internet is turning complex legal discourse into a chaotic game of whispers, with influencers sometimes misquoting laws and self-proclaimed "legal experts" offering advice that wouldn't survive in a courtroom. The solution is not censorship, but counterbalance. Verified legal voices need to step up, fact-checking must be relentless, and digital literacy must evolve to keep up with the fast-moving world of misinformation. Otherwise, "legal truth" could be determined by whoever has the best engagement rate, rather than by legislation or precedent.

References:

• https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bci-warns-against-legal-misinformation-bans-influencer-promotions/article69340049.ece

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Executive Summary:

A viral claim circulated in social media that Anant Ambani and Radhika Merchant wore clothes made of pure gold during their pre-wedding cruise party in Europe.  Thorough analysis revealed abnormalities in image quality, particularly between the face, neck, and hands compared to the claimed gold clothing, leads to possible AI manipulation. A keyword search found no credible news reports or authentic images supporting this claim. Further analysis using AI detection tools, TrueMedia and Hive Moderator, confirmed substantial evidence of AI fabrication, with a high probability of the image being AI-generated or a deep fake. Additionally, a photo from a previous event at Jio World Plaza matched with the pose of the manipulated image, further denying the claim and indicating that the image of Anant Ambani and Radhika Merchant wearing golden outfit during their pre-wedding cruise was digitally altered.

Claims:

Anant Ambani and Radhika Merchant wore clothes made of pure gold during their pre-wedding cruise party in Europe.

Fact Check:

When we received the posts, we found anomalies that were usually found in edited images or AI manipulated images, particularly between the face, neck, and hands.

It’s very unusual in any image. So we then checked in AI Image detection software named Hive Moderation detection tool and found it to be 95.9% AI manipulated.

We also checked with another widely used AI detection tool named True Media. True Media also found it to be 100% to be made using AI.

This implies that the image is AI-generated. To find the original image that has been edited, we did keyword search. We found an image with the same pose as in the manipulated image, with the title "Radhika Merchant, Anant Ambani pose with Mukesh Ambani at Jio World Plaza opening”.  The two images can be compared to verify that the digitally altered image is the same.

Hence, it’s confirmed that the viral image is digitally altered and has no connection with the 2nd Pre-wedding cruise party in Europe.  Thus the viral image is fake and misleading.

Conclusion:

The claim that Anant Ambani and Radhika Merchant wore clothes made of pure gold at their pre-wedding cruise party in Europe is false. The analysis of the image showed signs of manipulation, and a lack of credible news reports or authentic photos supports that it was likely digitally altered. AI detection tools confirmed a high probability that the image was fake, and a comparison with a genuine photo from another event revealed that the image had been edited. Therefore, the claim is false and misleading.

• Claim:  Anant Ambani and Radhika Merchant wore clothes made of pure gold during their pre-wedding cruise party in Europe.
• Claimed on: YouTube, LinkedIn, Instagram
• Fact Check: Fake & Misleading