#FactCheck - Old Video of Yogi Adityanath Edited to Push ‘Next PM 2029’ Claim

Introduction

Google.org is committed to stepping ahead to enhance Internet safety and responsible online behaviour. ‘Google for INDIA 2023’, an innovative conclave, took place on 19th October 2023. Google.org has embarked on its vision for a safer Internet and combating misinformation, financial frauds and other threats that come from bad actors. Alphabet Big Tech is committed to leading this charter and engaging with all stakeholders, including government agencies. Google.org has partnered with CyberPeace Foundation to foster a safer online environment and empower users on informed decisions on the Internet. CyberPeace will run a nationwide awareness and capacity-building Initiative equipping more than 40 Million Indian netizens with fact-checking techniques, tools, SoPs, and guidance for responsible and safe online behaviour. The campaign will be deployed in 15 Indian regional languages as a comprehensive learning outcome for the whole nation. Together, Google.org and CyberPeace Foundation aim to make the Internet safer for everyone and work in a direction to ensure that progress for everyone is built on a strong foundation of trusted information available on the Internet and pursuing the true spirit of “Technology for Good”.

Google.org and CyberPeace together for enhanced online safety

A new $4 million grant to CyberPeace Foundation will support a nationwide awareness-building program and comprehensive multilingual digital resource hub with content available in up to 15 Indian languages to empower nearly 40 million underserved people across the country in building resilience against misinformation and practice responsible online behaviour.  Together, Google.org and CyberPeace are on their way to creating a strong pathway of trusted Internet and a safer digital environment. The said campaign will be undertaken for a duration of 3 years, and the following key components will run at the core of the same: 

• CyberPeace Corps Volunteers: This will be a pan India volunteer engagement initiative to create a community of 9 million CyberPeace Ambassadors/First Responders/Volunteers to fight misinformation and promote responsible online behaviour going far into the rural, marginalised and most vulnerable strata of society. 
• Digital Resource Hub: In pursuance of the campaign, CyberPeace is developing a cutting-edge platform offering a wealth of resources on media literacy, responsible content creation, and cyber hygiene translated into 15 Indian regional languages for a widespread impact on the ground. 
• Public Sensitisation: CyberPeace will be conducting an organic series of online and offline events focusing on empowering netizens to discern fact from fiction. These sensitisation drives will be taken on by start master trainers from different regions of India to ensure all states and UTs are impacted. 
• CyberPeace Quick Reaction Team: A specialised team of tech enthusiasts that will work closely with platforms to rapidly address new-age cyber threats and misinformation campaigns in real-time and establish best practices and SoPs for the diverse elements in the industries. 
• Engaging Multimedia Content: With CyberPeace’s immense expertise in E-Course and digital content, the campaign will produce a range of multilingual multimedia resources, including informative videos, posters, games, contests, infographics, and more.
• Fact-check unit: Fact-check units will play a crucial role in monitoring, identifying, and doing fact analysis of the suspected information and overall busting the growing incidents of misinformation. Fake news or misinformation has negative consequences on society at large. The fact-check units play a significant role in controlling the widespread of misinformation. 

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Fight Against Misinformation 

Misinformation is rampant all across the world and requires attention. With the increasing penetration of social media and the internet, this remains a global issue. Google.org has taken up the initiative to address this issue in India and, in collaboration with CyberPeace Foundation taken a proactive step to multiple avenues for mass-scale awareness and upskilling campaigns have been piloted to make an impact on the ground with the vision of upskilling over 40 Million people in the country and building resilience against misinformation and practicing responsible online behavior. 

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Maj Vineet Kumar, Founder of CyberPeace, said,

"In an era in which digital is deeply intertwined with our lives, knowing how to discern, act on, and share the credible from the wealth of information available online is critical to our well-being, and of our families and communities. Through this initiative, we’re committing to help Internet users across India become informed, empowered and responsible netizens leading through conversations and actions. Whether it’s in fact-checking information before sharing it, or refraining from sharing unverified news, we all play an important role in building a web that is a safe and inclusive space for everyone, and we are extremely grateful to Google.org for propelling us forward in this mission with their grant support.”

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Annie Lewin, Senior Director of Global Advocacy and Head of Asia Pacific, Google.org said:

“We have a longstanding commitment to supporting changemakers using technology to solve humanity's biggest challenges. And, the innovation and zeal of Indian nonprofit organisations has inspired us to deepen our commitment in India. With the new grant to CyberPeace Foundation, we are proud to support solutions that speak directly to Google’s DNA, helping first-time internet users chart their path in a digital world with confidence. Such solutions give us pride and hope that each step, built on a strong foundation of trusted information, will translate into progress for all.”

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Conclusion

Google.org has partnered with government agencies and other Indian organisations with the vision of future-proof India for digital public infrastructure and staying a step ahead for Internet safety, keeping the citizens safe online. Google.org is taking its largest step yet towards online safety in India. There is widespread misinformative content and information in the digital media space or on the internet. This proactive initiative of Google.org in collaboration with CyberPeace is a commendable step to prevent the spread of misinformation and empower users to act responsibly while sharing any information and making informed decisions while using the Internet, hence creating a safe digital environment for everyone.

‍References:

• https://www.youtube.com/live/-b4lTVjOsXY?feature=shared
• https://blog.google/intl/en-in/products/google-for-india-2023-product-announcements/
• https://blog.google/intl/en-in/partnering-indias-success-in-a-new-digital-paradigm/
• https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/internet/google-to-debut-credit-in-india-announces-a-slew-of-ai-powered-launches/104547623
• https://theprint.in/economy/google-for-india-2023-tech-giant-says-it-removed-2-million-violative-videos-in-q2-2023/1810201/

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Introduction

Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) is a process through which one can improve website visibility on search engine platforms like Google, Microsoft Bing, etc. There is an implicit understanding that SEO suggestions or the links that are generated on top are the more popular information sources and, hence, are deemed to be more trustworthy. This trust, however, is being misused by threat actors through a process called SEO poisoning.

SEO poisoning is a method used by threat actors to attack and obtain information about the user by using manipulative methods that position their desired link, web page, etc to appear at the top of the search engine algorithm. The end goal is to lure the user into clicking and downloading their malware, presented in the garb of legitimate marketing or even as a valid result for Google search.

An active example of attempts at SEO poisoning has been discussed in a report by the Hindustan Times on 11th November, 2024. It highlights that using certain keywords could make a user more susceptible to hacking. Hackers are now targeting people who enter specific words or specific combinations in search engines. According to the report, users who looked up and clicked on links at the top related to the search query “Are Bengal cats legal in Australia?” had details regarding their personal information posted online soon after.

SEO Poisoning - Modus Operandi Of Attack

There are certain tactics that are used by the attackers on SEO poisoning, these are:

• Keyword stuffing- This method involves overloading a webpage with irrelevant words, which helps the false website appear higher in ranking.
• Typosquatting- This method involves creating domain names or links similar to the more popular and trusted websites. A lack of scrutiny before clicking would lead the user to download malware, from what they thought was a legitimate site.
• Cloaking- This method operates by showing different content to both the search engines and the user. While the search engine sees what it assumes to be a legitimate website, the user is exposed to harmful content.
• Private Link Networks- Threat actors create a group of unrelated websites in order to increase the number of referral links, which enables them to rank higher on search engine platforms.
• Article Spinning- This method involves imitating content from other pre-existing, legitimate websites, while making a few minor changes, giving the impression to search engine crawlers of it being original content.
• Sneaky Redirect- This method redirects the users to malicious websites (without their knowledge) instead of the ones the user had intended to click.

CyberPeace Recommendations

• Employee Security Awareness Training: Security awareness training can help employees familiarise themselves with tactics of SEO poisoning, encouraging them to either spot such inconsistencies early on or even alert the security team at the earliest. 
• Tool usage: Companies can use Digital Risk Monitoring tools to catch instances of typosquatting. Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tools also help keep an eye on client history and assess user activities during security breaches to figure out the source of the affected file.
• Internal Security Measures: To refer to lists of Indicators of Compromise (IOC). IOC has URL lists that show evidence of the strange behaviour of websites, and this can be used to practice caution. Deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) to mitigate and detect malicious traffic is helpful.

Conclusion

The nature of SEO poisoning is such that it inherently promotes the spread of misinformation, and facilitates cyberattacks. Misinformation regarding the legitimacy of the links and the content they display, in order to lure users into clicking on them, puts personal information under threat. As people trust their favoured search engines, and there is a lack of awareness of such tactics in use, one must exercise caution while clicking on links that seem to be popular, despite them being hosted by trusted search engines.

References

• https://www.checkpoint.com/cyber-hub/cyber-security/what-is-cyber-attack/what-is-seo-poisoning/
• https://www.vectra.ai/topics/seo-poisoning
• https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/search-poisoning
• https://www.blackberry.com/us/en/solutions/endpoint-security/ransomware-protection/seo-poisoning
• https://www.coalitioninc.com/blog/seo-poisoning-attacks
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160791X24000186
• https://www.repindia.com/blog/secure-your-organisation-from-seo-poisoning-and-malvertising-threats/ 
• https://www.hindustantimes.com/technology/typing-these-6-words-on-google-could-make-you-a-target-for-hackers-101731286153415.html

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Introduction

The spread of information in the quickly changing digital age presents both advantages and difficulties. The phrases "misinformation" and "disinformation" are commonly used in conversations concerning information inaccuracy. It's important to counter such prevalent threats, especially in light of how they affect countries like India. It becomes essential to investigate the practical ramifications of misinformation/disinformation and other prevalent digital threats. Like many other nations, India has had to deal with the fallout from fraudulent internet actions in 2023, which has highlighted the critical necessity for strong cybersecurity safeguards. 

The Emergence of AI Chatbots; OpenAI's ChatGPT and Google's Bard

The launch of OpenAI's ChatGPT in November 2022 was a major turning point in the AI space, inspiring the creation of rival chatbot ‘Google's Bard’ (Launched in 2023). These chatbots represent a significant breakthrough in artificial intelligence (AI) as they produce replies by combining information gathered from huge databases, driven by Large Language Models (LLMs). In the same way, AI picture generators that make use of diffusion models and existing datasets have attracted a lot of interest in 2023. 

Deepfake Proliferation in 2023

Deepfake technology's proliferation in 2023 contributed to misinformation/disinformation in India, affecting politicians, corporate leaders, and celebrities. Some of these fakes were used for political purposes while others were for creating pornographic and entertainment content. Social turmoil, political instability, and financial ramifications were among the outcomes. The lack of tech measures about the same added difficulties in detection & prevention, causing widespread synthetic content.

Challenges of Synthetic Media

Problems of synthetic media, especially AI-powered or synthetic Audio video content proliferated widely during 2023 in India. These included issues with political manipulation, identity theft, disinformation, legal and ethical issues, security risks, difficulties with identification, and issues with media integrity.  It covered an array of consequences, ranging from financial deception and the dissemination of false information to swaying elections and intensifying intercultural conflicts.

Biometric Fraud Surge in 2023

Biometric fraud in India, especially through the Aadhaar-enabled Payment System (AePS), has become a major threat in 2023. Due to the AePS's weaknesses being exploited by cybercriminals, many depositors have had their hard-earned assets stolen by fraudulent activity. This demonstrates the real effects of biometric fraud on those who have had their Aadhaar-linked data manipulated and unauthorized access granted. The use of biometric data in financial systems raises more questions about the security and integrity of the nation's digital payment systems in addition to endangering individual financial stability. 

Government strategies to counter digital threats

• The Indian Union Government has sent a warning to the country's largest social media platforms, highlighting the importance of exercising caution when spotting and responding to deepfake and false material. The advice directs intermediaries to delete reported information within 36 hours, disable access in compliance with IT Rules 2021, and act quickly against content that violates laws and regulations. The government's dedication to ensuring the safety of digital citizens was underscored by Union Minister Rajeev Chandrasekhar, who also stressed the gravity of deepfake crimes, which disproportionately impact women. 
• The government has recently come up with an advisory to social media intermediaries to identify misinformation and deepfakes and to make sure of the compliance of Information Technology (IT) Rules 2021. It is the legal obligation of online platforms to prevent the spread of misinformation and exercise due diligence or reasonable efforts to identify misinformation and deepfakes.
• The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Amendment Rules 2021 were amended in 2023. The online gaming industry is required to abide by a set of rules. These include not hosting harmful or unverified online games, not promoting games without approval from the SRB, labelling real-money games with a verification mark, educating users about deposit and winning policies, setting up a quick and effective grievance redressal process, requesting user information, and forbidding the offering of credit or financing for real-money gaming. These steps are intended to guarantee ethical and open behaviour throughout the online gaming industry.
• With an emphasis on Personal Data Protection, the government enacted the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023. It is a brand-new framework for digital personal data protection which aims to protect the individual's digital personal data. 
• The " Cyber Swachhta Kendra " (Botnet Cleaning and Malware Analysis Centre) is a part of the Government of India's Digital India initiative under the (MeitY) to create a secure cyberspace. It uses malware research and botnet identification to tackle cybersecurity. It works with antivirus software providers and internet service providers to establish a safer digital environment.

Strategies by Social Media Platforms 

Various social media platforms like YouTube, and Meta have reformed their policies on misinformation and disinformation. This shows their comprehensive strategy for combating deepfake, misinformation/disinformation content on the network. The platform YouTube prioritizes eliminating content that transgresses its regulations, decreasing the amount of questionable information that is recommended, endorsing reliable news sources, and assisting reputable authors. YouTube uses unambiguous facts and expert consensus to thwart misrepresentation. In order to quickly delete information that violates policies, a mix of content reviewers and machine learning is used throughout the enforcement process. Policies are designed in partnership with external experts and producers. In order to improve the overall quality of information that users have access to, the platform also gives users the ability to flag material, places a strong emphasis on media literacy, and gives precedence to giving context.

Meta’s policies address different misinformation categories, aiming for a balance between expression, safety, and authenticity. Content directly contributing to imminent harm or political interference is removed, with partnerships with experts for assessment. To counter misinformation, the efforts include fact-checking partnerships, directing users to authoritative sources, and promoting media literacy. 

Promoting ‘Tech for Good’

By 2024,  the vision for "Tech for Good" will have expanded to include programs that enable people to understand the ever-complex digital world and promote a more secure and reliable online community. The emphasis is on using technology to strengthen cybersecurity defenses and combat dishonest practices. This entails encouraging digital literacy and providing users with the knowledge and skills to recognize and stop false information, online dangers, and cybercrimes. Furthermore, the focus is on promoting and exposing effective strategies for preventing cybercrime through cooperation between citizens, government agencies, and technology businesses. The intention is to employ technology's good aspects to build a digital environment that values security, honesty, and moral behaviour while also promoting innovation and connectedness. 

Conclusion 

In the evolving digital landscape, difficulties are presented by false information powered by artificial intelligence and the misuse of advanced technology by bad actors. Notably, there are ongoing collaborative efforts and progress in creating a secure digital environment. Governments, social media corporations, civil societies and tech companies have shown a united commitment to tackling the intricacies of the digital world in 2024 through their own projects. It is evident that everyone has a shared obligation to establish a safe online environment with the adoption of ethical norms, protective laws, and cybersecurity measures. The "Tech for Good" goal for 2024, which emphasizes digital literacy, collaboration, and the ethical use of technology, seems promising. The cooperative efforts of people, governments, civil societies and tech firms will play a crucial role as we continue to improve our policies, practices, and technical solutions.

References:

• https://news.abplive.com/fact-check/deepfakes-ai-driven-misinformation-year-2023-brought-new-era-of-digital-deception-abpp-1651243
• https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1975445