#FactCheck: Viral image shows the Maldives mocking India with a "SURRENDER" sign on photo of Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Executive Summary:
A manipulated viral photo of a Maldivian building with an alleged oversized portrait of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the words "SURRENDER" went viral on social media. People responded with fear, indignation, and anxiety. Our research, however, showed that the image was manipulated and not authentic.

Claim:
A viral image claims that the Maldives displayed a huge portrait of PM Narendra Modi on a building front, along with the phrase “SURRENDER,” implying an act of national humiliation or submission.

Fact Check:
After a thorough examination of the viral post, we got to know that it had been altered. While the image displayed the same building, it was wrong to say it included Prime Minister Modi’s portrait along with the word “SURRENDER” shown in the viral version. We also checked the image with the Hive AI Detector, which marked it as 99.9% fake. This further confirmed that the viral image had been digitally altered.

During our research, we also found several images from Prime Minister Modi’s visit, including one of the same building displaying his portrait, shared by the official X handle of the Maldives National Defence Force (MNDF). The post mentioned “His Excellency Prime Minister Shri @narendramodi was warmly welcomed by His Excellency President Dr.@MMuizzu at Republic Square, where he was honored with a Guard of Honor by #MNDF on his state visit to Maldives.” This image, captured from a different angle, also does not feature the word “surrender.


Conclusion:
The claim that the Maldives showed a picture of PM Modi with a surrender message is incorrect and misleading. The image is altered and is being spread to mislead people and stir up controversy. Users should check the authenticity of photos before sharing.
- Claim: Viral image shows the Maldives mocking India with a surrender sign
- Claimed On: Social Media
- Fact Check: False and Misleading
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In what is being stated by experts to be one of the largest data breaches of all time, approximately 16 billion passwords were exposed online last week. According to various news reports, the leak contains credentials spanning a broad array of online services, including Facebook, Instagram, Gmail, etc., creating a serious alarm across the globe. Cybersecurity specialists have noted that this leak poses immense risks of account takeovers, identity theft, and enabling phishing scams. The leaked data is being described as a “collection-of-collections,” with multiple previously breached databases compiled into one easy-to-access repository for cybercriminals.
Infostealer Malware and Why It’s a Serious Threat
This incident brought to light a type of malware that experts refer to as the Infostealer. Just as the name suggests, this is a malware program made expressly to take personal information from compromised computers and devices, including cookies, session tokens, browser data, login credentials, and more. It targets high-value credentials, as opposed to ransomware, which encrypts files for ransom, or spyware that passively watches users. Once installed, they silently gather passwords, screenshots, and other information while hiding inside unassuming software, such as a game, utility, or browser plugin. Once stolen, these credentials are then combined by hackers to create databases, which are then offered for sale on dark web forums or even made public, as was the case in this breach. This is particularly risky since, if session tokens or other browser data are also taken, these credentials can be used to get around even two-factor authentication. As a result, the leak would also enable the rise of other crimes such as phishing.
Guidelines for protection
In response to this breach, India’s Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-IN) issued an advisory, urging all internet users to take immediate action to protect their accounts. Although this is in response to the specific data leak, these are some key measures advised to be followed to maintain a general standard of cyber hygiene at all times.
- Reset your passwords: In case of incidents such as the above, users are advised to change the passwords of their accounts immediately. More so of the ones that have been compromised and need to be prioritised, such as email, online banking, and social media etc.
- Use strong, unique passwords and password manager features: Avoid password reuse across platforms. Using a password manager on a trusted platform can aid in storing and recalling them for different accounts.
- Monitor account activity: Check activity logs, especially for signs of unrecognised login attempts or password-reset notifications.
- Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): The user is advised to enable two-step verification (via an app like Google Authenticator or a hardware key), which will add an extra security layer.
- Phishing attacks: Cybercriminals will likely attempt to use leaked credentials to impersonate legitimate companies and send phishing emails. Read carefully before clicking on any links or attachments received.
- Scan devices for malware: Run updated antivirus or anti-malware scans to catch and remove infostealers or other malicious software lurking on your device.
Why This Data Breach is a Wake-Up Call
With 16 billion credentials exposed, this breach highlights the critical need for robust personal cybersecurity hygiene. It also reveals the persistent role of infostealer malware in feeding a global cybercrime economy, one where credentials are the most valuable assets. As Infosecurity Europe and other analysts highlight, infostealers are lightweight, often distributed via phishing or malicious downloads, and are highly effective at lifting data in the background without alerting the user. Even up-to-date antivirus software can struggle to catch new variants, making proactive security practices with respect to such malware all the more essential. In a time where data is everything, access to credentials can derive power and safety, regarding it must be kept in check.
Conclusion
This breach is a reminder that cybersecurity is a shared responsibility. Even with protective systems in place with respect to the industries and official authorities, every internet user must do their part in protecting themselves through cyber hygiene practices such as resetting passwords, using multi-factor authentication, staying vigilant against phishing scams, and ensuring devices are regularly scanned for malware. While breaches like this can seem overwhelming and might create a surge of panic, practical measures go a long way in mitigating exposure. Staying informed and proactive is the best defence one can adopt in a rapidly evolving threat landscape.
References
- https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/16-billion-passwords-exposed-in-unprecedented-cyber-leak-of-2025-experts-raise-global-alarm/articleshow/121961165.cms?from=mdr
- https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/technology/tech-news/16-billion-passwords-leaked-on-internet-what-you-need-to-know-to-protect-your-facebook-instagram-gmail-and-other-accounts/articleshow/121967191.cms
- https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/16-billion-passwords-leaked-online-what-we-know-10077546/
- https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/16-billion-passwords-leaked-online-what-we-know-10077546/
- https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/certin-issues-advisory-after-data-breach-of-16-billion-credentials-asks-people-to-change-passwords-101750779940872.html
- https://www.cert-in.org.in/s2cMainServlet?pageid=PUBVLNOTES02&VLCODE=CIAD-2025-0024
- https://www.infosecurityeurope.com/en-gb/blog/threat-vectors/guide-infostealer-malware.html

Introduction
When a tragedy strikes, moments are fragile, people are vulnerable, emotions run high, and every second is important. In such critical situations, information becomes as crucial as food, water, shelter, and medication. As soon as any information is received, it often leads to stampedes and chaos. Alongside the tragedy, whether natural or man-made, emerges another threat: misinformation. People, desperate for answers, cling to whatever they can find.
Tragedies can take many forms. These may include natural disasters, mass accidents, terrorist activities, or other emergencies. During the 2023 earthquakes in Turkey, misinformation spread on social media claiming that the Yarseli Dam had cracked and was about to burst. People believed it and began migrating from the area. Panic followed, and search and rescue teams stopped operations in that zone. Precious hours were lost. Later, it was confirmed to be a rumour. By then, the damage was already done.
Similarly, after the recent plane crash in Ahmedabad, India, numerous rumours and WhatsApp messages spread rapidly. One message claimed to contain the investigation report on the crash of Air India flight AI-171. It was later called out by PIB and declared fake.
These examples show how misinformation can take control of already painful moments. During emergencies, when emotions are intense and fear is widespread, false information spreads faster and hits harder. Some people share it unknowingly, while others do so to gain attention or push a certain agenda. But for those already in distress, the effect is often the same. It brings ore confusion, heightens anxiety, and adds to their suffering.
Understanding Disasters and the Role of Media in Crisis
Disaster can be defined as a natural or human-caused situation that causes a transformation from a usual life of society into a crisis that is far beyond its existing response capacity. It can have minimal or maximum effects, from mere disruption in daily life practices to as adverse as inability to meet basic requirements of life like food, water and shelter. Hence, the disaster is not just a sudden event. It becomes a disaster when it overwhelms a community’s ability to cope with it.
To cope with such situations, there is an organised approach called Disaster Management. It includes preventive measures, minimising damages and helping communities recover. Earlier, public institutions like governments used to be the main actors in disaster management, but today, with every small entity having a role, academic institutions, media outlets and even ordinary people are involved.
Communication is an important element in disaster management. It saves lives when done correctly. People who are vulnerable need to know what’s happening, what they should do and where to seek help. It involves risk in today’s instantaneous communication.
Research shows that the media often fails to focus on disaster preparedness. For example, studies found that during the 2019 Istanbul earthquake, the media focused more on dramatic scenes than on educating people. Similar trends were seen during the 2023 Turkey earthquakes. Rather than helping people prepare or stay calm, much of the media coverage amplified fear and sensationalised suffering. This shows a shift from preventive, helpful reporting to reactive, emotional storytelling. In doing so, the media sometimes fails in its duty to support resilience and worse, can become a channel for spreading misinformation during already traumatic events. However, fighting misinformation is not just someone’s liability. It is penalised in the official disaster management strategy. Section 54 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 mentions that "Whoever makes or circulates a false alarm or warning as to disaster or its severity or magnitude, leading to panic, shall, on conviction, be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to one year or with a fine."
AI as a Tool in Countering Misinformation
AI has emerged as a powerful mechanism to fight against misinformation. AI technologies like Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning (ML) are effective in spotting and classifying misinformation with up to 97% accuracy. AI flags unverified content, leading to a 24% decrease in shares and 7% drop in likes on platforms like TikTok. Up to 95% fewer people view content on Facebook when fact-checking labels are used. Facebook AI also eliminates 86% of graphic violence, 96% of adult nudity, 98.5% of fake accounts and 99.5% of content related to terrorism. These tools help rebuild public trust in addition to limiting the dissemination of harmful content. In 2023, support for tech companies acting to combat misinformation rose to 65%, indicating a positive change in public expectations and awareness.
How to Counter Misinformation
Experts should step up in such situations. Social media has allowed many so-called experts to spread fake information without any real knowledge, research, or qualification. In such conditions, real experts such as authorities, doctors, scientists, public health officials, researchers, etc., need to take charge. They can directly address the myths and false claims and stop misinformation before it spreads further and reduce confusion.
Responsible journalism is crucial during crises. In times of panic, people look at the media for guidance. Hence, it is important to fact-check every detail before publishing. Reporting that is based on unclear tips, social media posts, or rumours can cause major harm by inciting mistrust, fear, or even dangerous behaviour. Cross-checking information, depending on reliable sources and promptly fixing errors are all components of responsible journalism. Protecting the public is more important than merely disseminating the news.
Focus on accuracy rather than speed. News spreads in a blink in today's world. Media outlets and influencers often come under pressure to publish it first. But in tragic situations like natural disasters and disease outbreaks, rushing to come first is not as important as accuracy is, as a single piece of misinformation can spark mass-scale panic and can slow down emergency efforts and lead people to make rash decisions. Taking a little more time to check the facts ensures that the information being shared is helpful, not harmful. Accuracy may save numerous lives during tragedies.
Misinformation spreads quickly it can only be prevented if people learn to critically evaluate what they hear and see. This entails being able to spot biased or deceptive headlines, cross-check claims and identify reliable sources. Digital literacy is of utmost importance; it makes people less susceptible to fear-based rumours, conspiracy theories and hoaxes.
Disaster preparedness programs should include awareness about the risks of spreading unverified information. Communities, schools and media platforms must educate people on how to respond responsibly during emergencies by staying calm, checking facts and sharing only credible updates. Spreading fake alerts or panic-inducing messages during a crisis is not only dangerous, but it can also have legal consequences. Public communication must focus on promoting trust, calm and clarity. When people understand the weight their words can carry during a crisis, they become part of the solution, not the problem.
References:
- https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3556152
- https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/SMWG_Countering-False-Info-Social-Media-Disasters-Emergencies_Mar2018-508.pdf
- https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/fake-whatsapp-message-air-india-crash-pib-fact-check-fcwmvuyc
- https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/SMWG_Countering-False-Info-Social-Media-Disasters-Emergencies_Mar2018-508.pdf
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The world of Artificial Intelligence is entering a new phase with the rise of Agentic AI, often described as the third wave of AI evolution. Unlike earlier systems that relied on static models (that learn from the information that is fed) and reactive outputs, Agentic AI introduces intelligent agents that can make decisions, take initiative, and act autonomously in real time. These systems are designed to require minimal human oversight while actively collaborating and learning continuously. Such capabilities indicate an incoming shift, especially in the ways in which Indian businesses can function. For better understanding, Agentic AI is capable of streamlining operations, personalising services, and driving innovations at scale.
India and Agentic AI
Building as we go, India is making continuous strides in the AI revolution- deliberating on government frameworks, and simultaneously adapting. At Microsoft's Pinnacle 2025 summit in Hyderabad, India's pivotal role in shaping the future of Agentic AI was brought to the spotlight. With over 17 million developers on GitHub and ambitions to become the world's largest developer community by 2028, India's tech talent is gearing up to lead global AI innovations. Microsoft's Azure AI Foundry, also highlighted the country's growing influence in the AI landscape.
Indian companies are actively integrating Agentic AI into their operations to enhance efficiency and customer experience. Zomato is leveraging AI agents to optimise delivery logistics, ensuring timely and efficient service. Infosys has developed AI-driven copilots to assist developers in code generation, reducing development time, requiring fewer people to work on a particular project, and improving software quality.
As per a report by Deloitte, the Indian AI market is projected to grow potentially $20 billion by 2028. However, this is accompanied by significant challenges. 92% of Indian executives identify security concerns as the primary obstacle to responsible AI usage. Additionally, regulatory uncertainties and privacy risks associated with sensitive data were also highlighted.
Challenges in Adoption
Despite the enthusiasm, several barriers hinder the widespread adoption of Agentic AI in India:
- Skills Gap: While the AI workforce is expected to grow to 1.25 million by 2027, the current growth rate of 13% is considered to be insufficient with respect to the demands of the market.
- Data Infrastructure: Effective AI systems require robust, structured, and accessible datasets. Many organisations lack the necessary data maturity, leading to flawed AI outputs and decision-making failures.
- Trust and Governance: Building trust in AI systems is crucial. Concerns over data privacy, ethical usage, and regulatory compliance require robust governance frameworks to ensure the adoption of AI in a responsible manner.
- Looming fear of job loss: As AI continues to take up more sophisticated roles, a general feeling of hesitancy with respect to the loss of employment/human labour might come in the way of adopting such measures.
- Outsourcing: Currently, most companies prefer outsourcing or buying AI solutions rather than building them in-house. This gives rise to the issue of adapting to evolving needs.
The Road Ahead
To fully realise the potential of Agentic AI, India must address the following challenges :
- Training the Workforce: Initiatives and workshops tailored for employees that provide AI training can prove to be helpful. Some relevant examples are Microsoft’s commitment to provide AI training to 2 million individuals by 2025 and Infosys's in-house AI training programs.
- Data Readiness: Investing in modern data infrastructure and promoting data literacy are essential to improve data quality and accessibility.
- Establishing Governance Frameworks: Developing clear regulatory guidelines and ethical standards will foster trust and facilitate responsible AI adoption. Like the IndiaAI mission, efforts regarding evolving technology and keeping up with it are imperative.
Agentic AI holds unrealised potential to transform India's business landscape when coupled with innovation and a focus on quality that enhances global competitiveness. India is at a position where by proactively addressing the existing challenges, this potential can be realised and set the foundation for a new technological revolution (along with in-house development), solidifying its position as a global AI leader.
References
- https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/artificial-intelligence/india-facing-shortage-of-agentic-ai-professionals-amid-surge-in-demand/articleshow/120651512.cms?from=mdr
- https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/artificial-intelligence/india-a-global-leader-in-agentic-ai-adoption-deloitte-report/articleshow/119906474.cms?from=mdr
- https://inc42.com/features/from-zomato-to-infosys-why-indias-biggest-companies-are-betting-on-agentic-ai/
- https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/agentic-ai-next-big-leap-in-workplace-automation-101742548406693.html
- https://www.deloitte.com/in/en/about/press-room/india-rides-the-agentic-ai-wave.html
- https://www.businesstoday.in/tech-today/news/story/ais-next-chapter-starts-in-india-microsoft-champions-agentic-ai-at-pinnacle-2025-474286-2025-05-01
- https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/calm-before-ai-storm-a-moment-to-prepare-101746110985736.html
- https://www.financialexpress.com/life/technology/why-agentic-ai-is-the-next-big-thing/3828357/