#Factcheck-Allu Arjun visits Shiva temple after success of Pushpa 2? No, image is from 2017

Introduction

The Data Security Council of India’s India Cyber Threat Report 2025 calculates that a staggering 702 potential attacks happened per minute on average in the country in 2024.  Recent alleged data breaches on organisations such as Star Health, WazirX, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), BSNL, etc. highlight the vulnerabilities of government organisations, critical industries, businesses, and individuals in managing their digital assets. India is the second most targeted country for cyber attacks globally, which warrants the development and adoption of cybersecurity governance frameworks essential for the structured management of cyber environments. The following global models offer valuable insights and lessons that can help strengthen cybersecurity governance.

Overview of Global Cybersecurity Governance Models 

Cybersecurity governance frameworks provide a structured strategy to mitigate and address cyber threats. Different regions have developed their own governance models for cybersecurity, but they all emphasize risk management, compliance, and cross-sector collaboration for the protection of digital assets. Four such major models are: 

1. NIST CSF 2.0 (U.S.A): The National Institute of Standards and Technology Cyber Security Framework provides a flexible, voluntary, risk-based approach rather than a one-size-fits-all solution to manage cybersecurity risks. It endorses six core functions, which are:  Govern, Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, and Recover. This is a widely adopted framework used by both public and private sector organizations even outside the U.S.A. 
2. ISO/IEC 27001: This is a globally recognized standard developed jointly by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). It provides a risk-based approach to help organizations of all sizes and types to identify, assess, and mitigate potential cybersecurity threats to Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) and preserve the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information.  Organizations can seek ISO 27001 certification to demonstrate compliance with laws and regulations.
3. EU NIS2 Directive: The Network and Information Security Directive 2 (NIS2) is an updated EU cybersecurity law that imposes strict obligations on critical services providers in four overarching areas: risk management, corporate accountability, reporting obligations, and business continuity. It is the most comprehensive cybersecurity directive in the EU to date, and non-compliance may attract non-monetary remedies, administrative fines up to at least €10 million or 2% of the global annual revenue (whichever is higher), or even criminal sanctions for top managers. 
4. GDPR: The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)of the EU is a comprehensive data privacy law that also has major cybersecurity implications. It mandates that organizations must integrate cybersecurity into their data protection policies and report breaches within 72 hours, and it prescribes a fine of up to €20 million or 4% of global turnover for non-compliance. 

India’s Cybersecurity Governance Landscape 

In light of the growing nature of cyber threats, it is notable that the Indian government has taken comprehensive measures along with efforts by relevant agencies such as the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), National Payments Corporation (NPCI) and Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C), CERT-In. However, there is still a lack of an overarching cybersecurity governance framework or comprehensive law in this area. Multiple regulatory bodies in India oversee cybersecurity for various sectors. Key mechanisms are: 

1. CERT-In Guidelines: The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), is the nodal agency responsible for cybersecurity incident response, threat intelligence sharing, and capacity building. Organizations are mandated to maintain logs for 180 days and report cyber incidents to CERT-In within six hours of noticing them according to directions under the Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act).
2. IT Act & DPDP Act: These Acts, along with their associated rules, lay down the legal framework for the protection of ICT systems in India.  While some sections mandate that “reasonable” cybersecurity standards be followed, specifics are left to the discretion of the organisations. Enforcement frameworks are vague, which leaves sectoral regulators to fill the gaps. 
3. Sectoral regulations: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI), the Department of Telecommunications, the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI), National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC) and other regulatory bodies require that cybersecurity standards be maintained by their regulated entities. 

Lessons for India & Way Forward 

As the world faces unprecedented security and privacy threats to its digital ecosystem, the need for more comprehensive cybersecurity policies, awareness, and capacity building has perhaps never been greater. While cybersecurity practices may vary with the size, nature, and complexity of an organization (hence “reasonableness” informing measures taken), there is a need for a centralized governance framework in India similar to NIST2 to unify sectoral requirements for simplified compliance and improve enforcement. India ranks 10th on the World Cybercrime Index and was found to be "specialising" in scams and mid-tech crimes- those which affect mid-range businesses and individuals the most. To protect them, India needs to strengthen its enforcement mechanisms across more than just the critical sectors. This can be explored by penalizing bigger organizations handling user data susceptible to breaches more stringently, creating an enabling environment for strong cybersecurity practices through incentives for MSMEs, and investing in cybersecurity workforce training and capacity building. Finally,  there is a scope for increased public-private collaboration for real-time cyber intelligence sharing.  Thus, a unified, risk-based national cybersecurity governance framework encompassing the current multi-pronged cybersecurity landscape would give direction to siloed efforts. It would help standardize best practices, streamline compliance, and strengthen overall cybersecurity resilience across all sectors in India.
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References

• https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/635e632477408d12d1811a64/676e56ee4cc30a320aecf231_Cloudsek%20Annual%20Threat%20Landscape%20Report%202024%20(1).pdf 
• https://strobes.co/blog/top-data-breaches-in-2024-month-wise/#:~:text=In%20a%20large%2Dscale%20data,emails%2C%20and%20even%20identity%20theft. 
• https://www.google.com/search?q=nist+2.0&oq=nist+&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBggBEEUYOzIHCAAQABiPAjIGCAEQRRg7MgYIAhBFGDsyCggDEAAYsQMYgAQyBwgEEAAYgAQyBwgFEAAYgAQyBwgGEAAYgAQyBggHEEUYPNIBCDE2MTJqMGo3qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 
• https://www.iso.org/standard/27001
• https://nis2directive.eu/nis2-requirements/ 
• https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/india-ranks-number-10-in-cybercrime-study-finds/articleshow/109223208.cms?from=mdr 

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Executive Summary:

A circulating picture which is said to be of United States President Joe Biden wearing military uniform during a meeting with military officials has been found out to be AI-generated. This viral image however falsely claims to show President Biden authorizing US military action in the Middle East. The Cyberpeace Research Team has identified that the photo is generated by generative AI and not real. Multiple visual discrepancies in the picture mark it as a product of AI.

Claims:

A viral image claiming to be US President Joe Biden wearing a military outfit during a meeting with military officials has been created using artificial intelligence. This picture is being shared on social media with the false claim that it is of President Biden convening to authorize the use of the US military in the Middle East.

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Fact Check:

CyberPeace Research Team discovered that the photo of US President Joe Biden in a military uniform at a meeting with military officials was made using generative-AI and is not authentic. There are some obvious visual differences that plainly suggest this is an AI-generated shot.

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Firstly, the eyes of US President Joe Biden are full black, secondly the military officials face is blended, thirdly the phone is standing without any support.

We then put the image in Image AI Detection tool

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The tool predicted 4% human and 96% AI, Which tells that it’s a deep fake content.

Let’s do it with another tool named Hive Detector.

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Hive Detector predicted to be as 100% AI Detected, Which likely to be a Deep Fake Content.

Conclusion:

Thus, the growth of AI-produced content is a challenge in determining fact from fiction, particularly in the sphere of social media. In the case of the fake photo supposedly showing President Joe Biden, the need for critical thinking and verification of information online is emphasized. With technology constantly evolving, it is of great importance that people be watchful and use verified sources to fight the spread of disinformation. Furthermore, initiatives to make people aware of the existence and impact of AI-produced content should be undertaken in order to promote a more aware and digitally literate society.

• Claim: A circulating picture which is said to be of United States President Joe Biden wearing military uniform during a meeting with military officials
• Claimed on: X
• Fact Check: Fake

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Introduction

In a world teeming with digital complexities, where information wends through networks with the speed and unpredictability of quicksilver, companies find themselves grappling with the paradox of our epoch: the vast potential of artificial intelligence (AI) juxtaposed with glaring vulnerabilities in data security. It's a terrain fraught with risks, but in the intricacies of this digital age emerges a profound alchemy—the application of AI itself to transmute vulnerable data into a repository as secure and invaluable as gold.

The deployment of AI technologies comes with its own set of challenges, chief among them being concerns about the integrity and safety of data—the precious metal of the information economy. Companies cannot afford to remain idle as the onslaught of cyber threats threatens to fray the fabric of their digital endeavours. Instead, they are rallying, invoking the near-miraculous capabilities of AI to transform the very nature of cybersecurity, crafting an armour of untold resilience by empowering the hunter to become the hunted.

The AI’s Untapped Potential 

Industries spanning the globe, varied in their scopes and scales, recognize AI's potential to hone their processes and augment decision-making capabilities. Within this dynamic lies a fertile ground for AI-powered security technologies to flourish, serving not merely as auxiliary tools but as essential components of contemporary business infrastructure. Dynamic solutions, such as anomaly detection mechanisms, highlight the subtle and not-so-subtle deviances in application behaviour, shedding light on potential points of failure or provoking points of intrusion, turning what was once a prelude to chaos into a symphony of preemptive intelligence.

In the era of advanced digital security, AI, exemplified by Dynatrace, stands as the pinnacle, swiftly navigating complex data webs to fortify against cyber threats. These digital fortresses, armed with cutting-edge AI, ensure uninterrupted insights and operational stability, safeguarding the integrity of data in the face of relentless cyber challenges.

India’s AI Stride

India, a burgeoning hub of technology and innovation, evidences AI's transformative powers within its burgeoning intelligent automation market. Driven by the voracious adoption of groundbreaking technological paradigms such as machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), and Automated Workflow Management (AWM), sectors as disparate as banking, finance, e-commerce, healthcare, and manufacturing are swept up in an investment maelstrom. This is further bolstered by the Indian government’s supportive policies like 'Make in India' and 'Digital India'—bold initiatives underpinning the accelerating trajectory of intelligent automation in this South Asian powerhouse.

Consider the velocity at which the digital universe expands: IDC posits that the 5 billion internet denizens, along with the nearly 54 billion smart devices they use, generate about 3.4 petabytes of data each second. The implications for enterprise IT teams, caught in a fierce vice of incoming cyber threats, are profound. AI's emergence as the bulwark against such threats provides the assurance they desperately seek to maintain the seamless operation of critical business services.

The AI integration 

The list of industries touched by the chilling specter of cyber threats is as extensive as it is indiscriminate. We've seen international hotel chains ensnared by nefarious digital campaigns, financial institutions laid low by unseen adversaries, Fortune 100 retailers succumbing to cunning scams, air traffic controls disrupted, and government systems intruded upon and compromised. Cyber threats stem from a tangled web of origins—be it an innocent insider's blunder, a cybercriminal's scheme, the rancor of hacktivists, or the cold calculation of state-sponsored espionage. The damage dealt by data breaches and security failures can be monumental, staggering corporations with halted operations, leaked customer data, crippling regulatory fines, and the loss of trust that often follows in the wake of such incidents.

However, the revolution is upon us—a rising tide of AI and accelerated computing that truncates the time and costs imperative to countering cyberattacks. Freeing critical resources, businesses can now turn their energies toward primary operations and the cultivation of avenues for revenue generation. Let us embark on a detailed expedition, traversing various industry landscapes to witness firsthand how AI's protective embrace enables the fortification of databases, the acceleration of threat neutralization, and the staunching of cyber wounds to preserve the sanctity of service delivery and the trust between businesses and their clientele.

Public Sector

Examine the public sector, where AI is not merely a tool for streamlining processes but stands as a vigilant guardian of a broad spectrum of securities—physical, energy, and social governance among them. Federal institutions, laden with the responsibility of managing complicated digital infrastructures, find themselves at the confluence of rigorous regulatory mandates, exacting public expectations, and the imperative of protecting highly sensitive data. The answer, increasingly, resides in the AI pantheon.

Take the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER) as a case in point. An investment exceeding $240 million in cybersecurity R&D since 2010 manifests in pioneering projects, including AI applications that automate and refine security vulnerability assessments, and those employing cutting-edge software-defined networks that magnify the operational awareness of crucial energy delivery systems.

Financial Sector 

Next, pivot our gaze to financial services—a domain where approximately $6 million evaporates with each data breach incident, compelling the sector to harness AI not merely for enhancing fraud detection and algorithmic trading but for its indispensability in preempting internal threats and safeguarding knightly vaults of valuable data. Ventures like the FinSec Innovation Lab, born from the collaborative spirits of Mastercard and Enel X, demonstrate AI's facility in real-time threat response—a lifeline in preventing service disruptions and the erosion of consumer confidence.

Retail giants, repositories of countless payment credentials, stand at the threshold of this new era, embracing AI to fortify themselves against the theft of payment data—a grim statistic that accounts for 37% of confirmed breaches in their industry. Best Buy's triumph in refining its phishing detection rates while simultaneously dialling down false positives is a testament to AI's defensive prowess.

Smart Cities 

Consider, too, the smart cities and connected spaces that epitomize technological integration. Their web of intertwined IoT devices and analytical AI, which scrutinize the flows of urban life, are no strangers to the drumbeat of cyber threat. AI-driven defense mechanisms not only predict but quarantine threats, ensuring the continuous, safe hum of civic life in the aftermath of intrusions.

Telecom Sector 

Telecommunications entities, stewards of crucial national infrastructures, dial into AI for anticipatory maintenance, network optimization, and ensuring impeccable uptime. By employing AI to monitor the edges of IoT networks, they stem the tide of anomalies, deftly handle false users, and parry the blows of assaults, upholding the sanctity of network availability and individual and enterprise data security.

Automobile Industry 

Similarly, the automotive industry finds AI an unyielding ally. As vehicles become complex, mobile ecosystems unto themselves, AI's cybersecurity role is magnified, scrutinizing real-time in-car and network activities, safeguarding critical software updates, and acting as the vanguard against vulnerabilities—the linchpin for the assured deployment of autonomous vehicles on our transit pathways.

Conclusion 

The inclination towards AI-driven cybersecurity permits industries not merely to cope, but to flourish by reallocating their energies towards innovation and customer experience enhancement. Through AI's integration, developers spanning a myriad of industries are equipped to construct solutions capable of discerning, ensnaring, and confronting threats to ensure the steadfastness of operations and consumer satisfaction. 

In the crucible of digital transformation, AI is the philosopher's stone—an alchemic marvel transmuting the raw data into the secure gold of business prosperity. As we continue to sail the digital ocean's intricate swells, the confluence of AI and cybersecurity promises to forge a gleaming future where businesses thrive under the aegis of security and intelligence.

References 

• https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/why-adoption-of-ai-may-be-critical-for-businesses-to-tackle-cyber-threats-and-more/articleshow/106313082.cms
• https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/ai-cybersecurity-business-resilience/
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