#FactCheck - AI-Generated Image Falsely Linked to Mira–Bhayandar Bridge
Executive Summary
Mumbai’s Mira–Bhayandar bridge has recently been in the news due to its unusual design. In this context, a photograph is going viral on social media showing a bus seemingly stuck on the bridge. Some users are also sharing the image while claiming that it is from Sonpur subdivision in Bihar. However, an research by the CyberPeace has found that the viral image is not real. The bridge shown in the image is indeed the Mira–Bhayandar bridge, which is under discussion because its design causes it to suddenly narrow from four lanes to two lanes. That said, the bridge is not yet operational, and the viral image showing a bus stuck on it has been created using Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Claim
An Instagram user shared the viral image on January 29, 2026, with the caption:“Are Indian taxpayers happy to see that this is funded by their money?” The link, archive link, and screenshot of the post can be seen below.
Fact Check:
To verify the claim, we first conducted a Google Lens reverse image search. This led us to a post shared by X (formerly Twitter) user Manoj Arora on January 29. While the bridge structure in that image matches the viral photo, no bus is visible in the original post.This raised suspicion that the viral image had been digitally manipulated.
We then ran the viral image through the AI detection tool Hive Moderation, which flagged it as over 99% likely to be AI-generated
Conclusion
The CyberPeace research confirms that while the Mira–Bhayandar bridge is real and has been in the news due to its design, the viral image showing a bus stuck on the bridge has been created using AI tools. Therefore, the image circulating on social media is misleading.
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Introduction
In the labyrinthine corridors of the digital age, where information zips across the globe with the ferocity of a tempest, the truth often finds itself ensnared in a web of deception. It is within this intricate tapestry of reality and falsehood that we find ourselves examining two distinct yet equally compelling cases of misinformation, each a testament to the pervasive challenges that beset our interconnected world.
Case 1: The Deceptive Video: Originating in Malaysia, Misattributed to Indian Railway Development
A misleading video claiming to showcase Indian railway construction has been debunked as footage from Malaysia's East Coast Rail Link (ECRL). Fact-checking efforts by India TV traced the video's origin to Malaysia, revealing deceptive captions in Tamil and Hindi. The video was initially posted on Twitter on January 9, 2024, announcing the commencement of track-laying for Malaysia's East Coast Railway. Further investigation reveals the ECRL as a joint venture between Malaysia and China, involving the laying of tracks along the east coast, challenging assertions of Indian railway development. The ECRL's track-laying initiative, initiated in December 2023, is part of China's Belt and Road initiative, covering 665 kilometers across states like Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, and Selangor, with a completion target set for 2025.
The video in question, a digital chameleon, had its origins not in the bustling landscapes of India but within the verdant bounds of Malaysia. Specifically, it was a scene captured from the East Coast Rail Link (ECRL) project, a monumental joint venture between Malaysia and China, unfurling across 665 kilometers of Malaysian terrain. This ambitious endeavor, part of the grand Belt and Road initiative, is a testament to the collaborative spirit that defines our era, with tracks stretching from Kelantan to Selangor, and a completion horizon set for the year 2025.
The unveiling of this grand project was graced by none other than Malaysia’s King Sultan Abdullah Sultan Ahmad Shah, in Pahang, underscoring the strategic alliance with China and the infrastructural significance of the ECRL. Yet, despite the clarity of its origins, the video found itself cloaked in a narrative of Indian development, a falsehood that spread like wildfire across the digital savannah.
Through the meticulous application of keyframe analysis and reverse image searches, the truth was laid bare. Reports from reputable sources such as the Associated Press and the Global Times, featuring the very same machinery, corroborated the video's true lineage. This revelation not only highlighted the ECRL's geopolitical import but also served as a clarion call for the critical role of fact-checking in an era where misinformation proliferates with reckless abandon.
Case 2: Kerala's Incident: Investigating Fake Narratives
Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan has registered 53 cases related to spreading fake narratives on social media to incite communal sentiments following the blasts at a Christian religious gathering in October 2023. Vijayan said cases have been registered against online news portals, editors, and Malayalam television channels. The state police chief has issued directions to monitor social media to stop fake news spread and take appropriate actions.
In a different corner of the world, the serene backdrop of Kerala was shattered by an event that would ripple through the fabric of its society. The Kalamassery blast, a tragic occurrence at a Christian religious gathering, claimed the lives of eight individuals and left over fifty wounded. In the wake of this calamity, a man named Dominic Martin surrendered, claiming responsibility for the heinous act.
Yet, as the investigation unfolded, a different kind of violence emerged—one that was waged not with explosives but with words. A barrage of fake narratives began to circulate through social media, igniting communal tensions and distorting the narrative of the incident. The Kerala Chief Minister, Pinarayi Vijayan, informed the Assembly that 53 cases had been registered across the state, targeting individuals and entities that had fanned the flames of discord through their digital utterances.
The Kerala police, vigilant guardians of truth, embarked on a digital crusade to quell the spread of these communally instigative messages. With a particular concentration of cases in Malappuram district, the authorities worked tirelessly to dismantle the network of fake profiles that propagated religious hatred. Social media platforms were directed to assist in this endeavor, revealing the IP addresses of the culprits and enabling the cyber cell divisions to take decisive action.
In the aftermath of the blasts, the Chief Minister and the state police chief ordered special instructions to monitor social media platforms for content that could spark communal uproar. Cyber patrolling became the order of the day, as a 20-member probe team was constituted to deeply investigate the incident.
Conclusion
These two cases, disparate in their nature and geography, converge on a singular point: the fragility of truth in the digital age. They highlight the imperative for vigilance and the pursuit of accuracy in a world where misinformation can spread like wildfire. As we navigate this intricate cyberscape, it is imperative to be mindful of the power of fact-checking and the importance of media literacy, for they are the light that guides us through the fog of falsehoods to the shores of veracity.
These narratives are not merely stories of deception thwarted; they are a call to action, a reminder of our collective responsibility to safeguard the integrity of our shared reality. Let us, therefore, remain steadfast in our quest for the truth, for it is only through such diligence that we can hope to preserve the sanctity of our discourse and the cohesion of our societies.
References:
- https://www.indiatvnews.com/fact-check/fact-check-misleading-video-claims-malaysian-rail-project-indian-truth-ecrl-india-railway-development-pm-modi-2024-01-29-914282
- https://sahilonline.org/kalamasserry-blast-53-cases-registered-across-kerala-for-spreading-fake-news
Executive Summary
A letter circulating on social media falsely claims that Prime Minister Narendra Modi has resigned from his post. CyberPeace Research Wing's research found the claim to be false. Our research confirmed that the viral letter is fabricated and is being shared with a misleading claim. AI detection tools also indicate that the document is highly likely to have been generated using artificial intelligence.
Claim
An Instagram user shared the viral letter on July 29, 2026, claiming that Prime Minister Narendra Modi had resigned from office.
The post link, archived link, and screenshot are provided below:
https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=2108984893363522&set=a.785246212404070
https://ghostarchive.org/archive/aHXTq
Fact Check
To verify the claim, we conducted a keyword search on Google. However, we found no credible media reports supporting the claim that Prime Minister Modi had resigned.
We then visited the official website of the Prime Minister's Office (PMO India). The website contained no announcement, press release, or official information confirming the purported resignation.
https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/
As part of our research , we also reviewed the official X (formerly Twitter) account of PMO India. We found no post or statement related to the viral claim.
Finally, we analyzed the viral letter using the AI detection tool Sightengine AI. The analysis indicated that the document is 99% likely to be AI-generated.
To further verify the findings, we also scanned the letter using AI or Not. According to the tool's analysis, the document is 64% likely to be AI-generated.
Conclusion
The claim that Prime Minister Narendra Modi has resigned is false. No credible media organization or official government source has reported such a development. Furthermore, AI detection tools strongly suggest that the viral resignation letter was generated using artificial intelligence and is being circulated with a false claim.
Executive Summary:
BrazenBamboo’s DEEPDATA malware represents a new wave of advanced cyber espionage tools, exploiting a zero-day vulnerability in Fortinet FortiClient to extract VPN credentials and sensitive data through fileless malware techniques and secure C2 communications. With its modular design, DEEPDATA targets browsers, messaging apps, and password stores, while leveraging reflective DLL injection and encrypted DNS to evade detection. Cross-platform compatibility with tools like DEEPPOST and LightSpy highlights a coordinated development effort, enhancing its espionage capabilities. To mitigate such threats, organizations must enforce network segmentation, deploy advanced monitoring tools, patch vulnerabilities promptly, and implement robust endpoint protection. Vendors are urged to adopt security-by-design practices and incentivize vulnerability reporting, as vigilance and proactive planning are critical to combating this sophisticated threat landscape.
Introduction
The increased use of zero-day vulnerabilities by more complex threat actors reinforces the importance of more developed countermeasures. One of the threat actors identified is BrazenBamboo uses a zero-day vulnerability in Fortinet FortiClient for Windows through the DEEPDATA advanced malware framework. This research explores technical details about DEEPDATA, the tricks used in its operations, and its other effects.
Technical Findings
1. Vulnerability Exploitation Mechanism
The vulnerability in Fortinet’s FortiClient lies in its failure to securely handle sensitive information in memory. DEEPDATA capitalises on this flaw via a specialised plugin, which:
- Accesses the VPN client’s process memory.
- Extracts unencrypted VPN credentials from memory, bypassing typical security protections.
- Transfers credentials to a remote C2 server via encrypted communication channels.
2. Modular Architecture
DEEPDATA exhibits a highly modular design, with its core components comprising:
- Loader Module (data.dll): Decrypts and executes other payloads.
- Orchestrator Module (frame.dll): Manages the execution of multiple plugins.
- FortiClient Plugin: Specifically designed to target Fortinet’s VPN client.
Each plugin operates independently, allowing flexibility in attack strategies depending on the target system.
3. Command-and-Control (C2) Communication
DEEPDATA establishes secure channels to its C2 infrastructure using WebSocket and HTTPS protocols, enabling stealthy exfiltration of harvested data. Technical analysis of network traffic revealed:
- Dynamic IP switching for C2 servers to evade detection.
- Use of Domain Fronting, hiding C2 communication within legitimate HTTPS traffic.
- Time-based communication intervals to minimise anomalies in network behavior.
4. Advanced Credential Harvesting Techniques
Beyond VPN credentials, DEEPDATA is capable of:
- Dumping password stores from popular browsers, such as Chrome, Firefox, and Edge.
- Extracting application-level credentials from messaging apps like WhatsApp, Telegram, and Skype.
- Intercepting credentials stored in local databases used by apps like KeePass and Microsoft Outlook.
5. Persistence Mechanisms
To maintain long-term access, DEEPDATA employs sophisticated persistence techniques:
- Registry-based persistence: Modifies Windows registry keys to reload itself upon system reboot.
- DLL Hijacking: Substitutes legitimate DLLs with malicious ones to execute during normal application operations.
- Scheduled Tasks and Services: Configures scheduled tasks to periodically execute the malware, ensuring continuous operation even if detected and partially removed.
Additional Tools in BrazenBamboo’s Arsenal
1. DEEPPOST
A complementary tool used for data exfiltration, DEEPPOST facilitates the transfer of sensitive files, including system logs, captured credentials, and recorded user activities, to remote endpoints.
2. LightSpy Variants
- The Windows variant includes a lightweight installer that downloads orchestrators and plugins, expanding espionage capabilities across platforms.
- Shellcode-based execution ensures that LightSpy’s payload operates entirely in memory, minimising artifacts on the disk.
3. Cross-Platform Overlaps
BrazenBamboo’s shared codebase across DEEPDATA, DEEPPOST, and LightSpy points to a centralised development effort, possibly linked to a Digital Quartermaster framework. This shared ecosystem enhances their ability to operate efficiently across macOS, iOS, and Windows systems.
Notable Attack Techniques
1. Memory Injection and Data Extraction
Using Reflective DLL Injection, DEEPDATA injects itself into legitimate processes, avoiding detection by traditional antivirus solutions.
- Memory Scraping: Captures credentials and sensitive information in real-time.
- Volatile Data Extraction: Extracts transient data that only exists in memory during specific application states.
2. Fileless Malware Techniques
DEEPDATA leverages fileless infection methods, where its payload operates exclusively in memory, leaving minimal traces on the system. This complicates post-incident forensic investigations.
3. Network Layer Evasion
By utilising encrypted DNS queries and certificate pinning, DEEPDATA ensures that network-level defenses like intrusion detection systems (IDS) and firewalls are ineffective in blocking its communications.
Recommendations
1. For Organisations
- Apply Network Segmentation: Isolate VPN servers from critical assets.
- Enhance Monitoring Tools: Deploy behavioral analysis tools that detect anomalous processes and memory scraping activities.
- Regularly Update and Patch Software: Although Fortinet has yet to patch this vulnerability, organisations must remain vigilant and apply fixes as soon as they are released.
2. For Security Teams
- Harden Endpoint Protections: Implement tools like Memory Integrity Protection to prevent unauthorised memory access.
- Use Network Sandboxing: Monitor and analyse outgoing network traffic for unusual behaviors.
- Threat Hunting: Proactively search for indicators of compromise (IOCs) such as unauthorised DLLs (data.dll, frame.dll) or C2 communications over non-standard intervals.
3. For Vendors
- Implement Security by Design: Adopt advanced memory protection mechanisms to prevent credential leakage.
- Bug Bounty Programs: Encourage researchers to report vulnerabilities, accelerating patch development.
Conclusion
DEEPDATA is a form of cyber espionage and represents the next generation of tools that are more advanced and tunned for stealth, modularity and persistence. While Brazen Bamboo is in the process of fine-tuning its strategies, the organisations and vendors have to be more careful and be ready to respond to these tricks. The continuous updating, the ability to detect the threats and a proper plan on how to deal with incidents are crucial in combating the attacks.
