Deepfake Alert: Sachin Tendulkar's Warning Against Technology Misuse

Introduction

Misinformation in India has emerged as a significant societal challenge, wielding a potent influence on public perception, political discourse, and social dynamics. A potential number of first-time voters across India identified fake news as a real problem in the nation. With the widespread adoption of digital platforms, false narratives, manipulated content, and fake news have found fertile ground to spread unchecked information and news.

In the backdrop of India being the largest market of WhatsApp users, who forward more content on chats than anywhere else, the practice of fact-checking forwarded information continues to remain low. The heavy reliance on print media, television, unreliable news channels and primarily, social media platforms acts as a catalyst since studies reveal that most Indians trust any content forwarded by family and friends. It is noted that out of all risks, misinformation and disinformation ranked the highest in India, coming before infectious diseases, illicit economic activity, inequality and labour shortages. World Economic Forum analysts, in connection with their 2024 Global Risk Report, note that “misinformation and disinformation in electoral processes could seriously destabilise the real and perceived legitimacy of newly elected governments, risking political unrest, violence and terrorism and long-term erosion of democratic processes.”

The Supreme Court of India on Misinformation

The Supreme Court of India, through various judgements, has noted the impact of misinformation on democratic processes within the country, especially during elections and voting. In 1995, while adjudicating a matter pertaining to keeping the broadcasting media under the control of the public, it noted that democracy becomes a farce when the medium of information is monopolized either by partisan central authority or by private individuals or oligarchic organizations. 

In 2003, the Court stated that “Right to participate by casting a vote at the time of election would be meaningless unless the voters are well informed about all sides of the issue in respect of which they are called upon to express their views by casting their votes. Disinformation, misinformation, non-information all equally create an uninformed citizenry which would finally make democracy a mobocracy and a farce.” It noted that elections would be a useless procedure if voters remained unaware of the antecedents of the candidates contesting elections. Thus, a necessary aspect of a voter’s duty to cast intelligent and rational votes is being well-informed. Such information forms one facet of the fundamental right under Article 19 (1)(a) pertaining to freedom of speech and expression. Quoting James Madison, it stated that a citizen’s right to know the true facts about their country’s administration is one of the pillars of a democratic State.

On a similar note, the Supreme Court, while discussing the disclosure of information by an election candidate, gave weightage to the High Court of Bombay‘s opinion on the matter, which opined that non-disclosure of information resulted in misinformation and disinformation, thereby influencing voters to take uninformed decisions. It stated that a voter had the elementary right to know the full particulars of a candidate who is to represent him in Parliament/Assemblies.

While misinformation was discussed primarily in relation to elections, the effects of misinformation in other sectors have also been discussed from time to time. In particular, The court highlighted the World Health Organisation’s observation in 2021 while discussing the spread of COVID-19, noting that the pandemic was not only an epidemic but also an “infodemic” due to the overabundance of information on the internet, which was riddled with misinformation and disinformation. While condemning governments’ direct or indirect threats of prosecution to citizens, it noted that various citizens who relied on the internet to provide help in securing medical facilities and oxygen tanks were being targeted by alleging that the information posted by them was false and was posted to create panic, defame the administration or damage national image. It instructed authorities to cease such threats and prevent clampdown on information sharing.

More recently, in Facebook v. Delhi Legislative Assembly [(2022) 3 SCC 529], the apex court, while upholding the summons issued to Facebook by the Delhi Legislative Assembly in the aftermath of the 2020 Delhi Riots, noted that while social media enables equal and open dialogue between citizens and policymakers, it is also a tool in the where extremist views are peddled into mainstream media, thereby spreading misinformation. It noted Facebook’s role in the Mynmar, where misinformation and posts that Facebook employees missed fueled offline violence. Since Facebook is one of the most popular social media applications, the platform itself acts as a power center by hosting various opinions and voices on its forum. This directly impacts the governance of States, and some form of liability must be attached to the platform. The Supreme Court objected to Facebook taking contrary stands in various jurisdictions; while in the US, it projected itself as a publisher, which enabled it to maintain control over the material disseminated from its platform, while in India, “it has chosen to identify itself purely as a social media platform, despite its similar functions and services in the two countries.”

Conclusion

The pervasive issue of misinformation in India is a multifaceted challenge with profound implications for democratic processes, public awareness, and social harmony. The alarming statistics of fake news recognition among first-time voters, coupled with a lack of awareness regarding fact-checking organizations, underscore the urgency of addressing this issue. The Supreme Court of India has consistently recognized the detrimental impact of misinformation, particularly in elections. The judiciary has stressed the pivotal role of an informed citizenry in upholding the essence of democracy. It has emphasized the right to access accurate information as a fundamental aspect of freedom of speech and expression. As India grapples with the challenges of misinformation, the intersection of technology, media literacy and legal frameworks will be crucial in mitigating the adverse effects and fostering a more resilient and informed society.

References

• https://thewire.in/media/survey-finds-false-information-risk-highest-in-india 
• https://www.statista.com/topics/5846/fake-news-in-india/#topicOverview
• https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-risks-report-2024/digest/  
• https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2020/20428/20428_2020_37_1501_28386_Judgement_08-Jul-2021.pdf
• Secretary, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Govt, of India and Others v. Cricket Association of Bengal and Another [(1995) 2 SCC 161]
• People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) v. Union of India [(2003) 4 SCC 399]
• Kisan Shankar Kathore v. Arun Dattatray Sawant and Others [(2014) 14 SCC 162]
• Distribution of Essential Supplies & Services During Pandemic, In re [(2021) 18 SCC 201]
• Facebook v. Delhi Legislative Assembly [(2022) 3 SCC 529]

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Executive Summary:

A video purporting to be from Lal Chowk in Srinagar, which features Lord Ram's hologram on a clock tower, has gone popular on the internet. The footage is from Dehradun, Uttarakhand, not Jammu and Kashmir, the CyberPeace Research Team discovered.

Claims:

A Viral 48-second clip is getting shared over the Internet mostly in X and Facebook, The Video shows a car passing by the clock tower with the picture of Lord Ram. A screen showcasing songs about Lord Ram is shown when the car goes forward and to the side of the road.

The Claim is that the Video is from Kashmir, Srinagar

Similar Post:

Fact Check:

The CyberPeace Research team found that the Information is false. Firstly we did some keyword search relating to the Caption and found that the Clock Tower in Srinagar is not similar to the Video. 

We found an article by NDTV mentioning Srinagar Lal Chowk’s Clock Tower, It's the only Clock Tower in the Middle of Road. We are somewhat confirmed that the Video is not From Srinagar. We then ran a reverse image search of the Video by breaking down into frames.  

We found another Video that visualizes a similar structure tower in Dehradun.

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Taking a cue from this we then Searched for the Tower in Dehradun and tried to see if it matches with the Video, and yes it’s confirmed that the Tower is a Clock Tower in Paltan Bazar, Dehradun and the Video is actually From Dehradun but not from Srinagar.

Conclusion:

After a thorough Fact Check Investigation of the Video and the originality of the Video, we found that the Visualisation of Lord Ram in the Clock Tower is not from Srinagar but from Dehradun. Internet users who claim the Visual of Lord Ram from Srinagar is totally Baseless and Misinformation.

• Claim: The Hologram of Lord Ram on the Clock Tower of Lal Chowk, Srinagar
• Claimed on: Facebook, X
• Fact Check: Fake

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Introduction

In today's relentless current of information, where social media is oftentimes both the stage and the playwright, the line between reality and spectacle can become distressingly blurry. In such a virtual Pantheon, the conflation of truth and fiction has recently surfaced in a particularly contentious instance. The central figure is Poonam Pandey, an entertainment personality known for transgressing traditional contours of celebrity boldness. Pandey found herself ensnared in a narrative of her own orchestration—a grim hoax purporting she had succumbed to cervical cancer. This deceptive foray, rather than awakening public consciousness as intended, spiralled into an ominous fable about the malignant spread of misinformation and the profound moral dilemmas it engenders.

The Deception

The tapestry of this event was woven with threads of tragedy and deception, framing Pandey both as the tragic hero and the ill-fated architect of a spectacle that unfolded with a haunting familiarity evocative of ancient Greek dramas. The monumental pillar of social media, on what seemed to be an ordinary day, was shattered by the startling declaration of Pandey's untimely passing. The statement, as bereft of nuance as it was devastating, proclaimed: 'We are deeply grieved to announce the loss of our cherished Poonam to cervical cancer.' The emotional pulse of the Indian Film Industry was jolted; waves of homage inundated the digital space, each tribute a poignant echo of the shock that rippled through her fanbase. Yet the crux of the matter had yet to be unveiled.

As the world grappled with this news, the scenario took an unforeseen detour. Poonam Pandey made a re-entrance onto the world stage, alive, revealing her alleged demise to be nothing more than a macabre masquerade. The public's reaction to this revelation was a stratified symphony of emotions—indignation mingled with disbelief, with an underlying crescendo of betrayal. Pandey's defense postured her act as a last resort to draw attention to the silent yet pervasive threat of cervical cancer. In the ensuing mire of reactions, an inescapable quandary emerged: is it ever permissible to employ deceit for the sake of presumed publicity?

The Chaos 

Satyajeet Tambe, an esteemed Maharashtra legislator, emerged amidst the churning chaos as a paragon of principled reason. Advocating that such mendacious stunts, playing the chords of public emotion and adulterating truth, should be met with legal repercussions, Tambe called for judicious action against Pandey. His imploration resonated with the necessity of integrity in the public domain, stating, 'The announcement of an influencer/model succumbing to cervical cancer should not be wielded as a tool for awareness.' His pronouncement sent reverberations through the collective conscience, echoing the need for accountability in the face of such transgressions.

Repercussion 

The All Indian Cine Workers Association, a custodian of the film industry's values, also voiced its reproach. They urged for an FIR to be lodged against Poonam Pandey, underlining their sentiments with disappointment and a keen sense of betrayal. Within their condemnation lay a profound recognition of the elevated emotional investment inherent in their industry—an industry where the reverence for life and the abhorrence of deceit intertwine, making the cultivation of such lowly stunts anathema.

This spectacle, while unique in the temerity of its execution, mirrors the broader pathological wave of misinformation that corrodes the foundations of our digital era: the malady of fake news. When delineated, fake news finds its essence as information chiselled specifically to deceive, a form of communication that is not merely slanted but entirely devoid of authenticity, manufactured with nefarious intent. A protean adversary, fake news adeptly masquerades as trustworthy news, ensnaring the unsuspecting in its tendrils. Its purveyors span a spectrum—from shadowy figures to ostensibly benign social media accounts—all contributing to a dystopian fabric where truth is persistently imperilled.

The conjurers of these illusions are, in a sense, cunning illusionists ensconced behind curtains of anonymity or masquerading under a cloak of transparency. They craft elaborate illusions devoid of truth, but dripping with sufficient plausibility to ensnare those who yearn for simplicity in an increasingly complex world. Destabilizing forces, such as hyper partisan media outlets, regurgitate a concoction of concocted 'facts' and distortions, deliberately smudging the once-clear line between empirical truth and partisan fabrication.

The Aftermath 

The Poonam Pandey episode stands as a harrowing beacon of the ethical abyss we face. It compels us to confront the irony of utilising falsity to raise awareness for laudable causes and considers the ramifications for public figures influencing the dissemination of information. The tempest around this event demonstrates the potent gravitational pull of information and the overarching need for the conscientious stewardship of its power.

Yet, as we sail through the murky waters of the digital expanse, where the allure of sensationalism and clickbait headlines is ever-present, our vigilance must not wane. The imperative of truth cannot come at the altar of awareness or sensationalism. The sanctity of fact anchors our understanding of reality; devoid of it, we are adrift in an ocean of confusion and misinformation.

In the dust settled after the Poonam Pandey debacle, the contours of a new discourse have emerged, harboring vital interrogations. How do we balance the drive for poignant awareness initiatives against the cardinal principle of truth? What mechanisms can ensure that health campaigns and their noble aspirations are not tainted by the allure of deception? Addressing these queries is not a solitary task for policymakers or influencers but, indeed, a collective societal responsibility that will define our cultural ethics and the legacy we wish to preserve.

Conclusion 

As we contemplate the broader implications of this incident, let us not allow its sensational nature to eclipse the very real and pressing issue of cervical cancer—a condition that, beyond the glare of controversy, continues to shadow lives with its lethal silence. Instead, let our focus pivot towards tangible, truth-driven efforts aimed at education and empowerment. Truth, after all, is the beacon that dispels the murky shadows of ignorance and guides us toward enlightenment and healing.

References 

• https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/poonam-pandey-in-trouble-as-maharashtra-politician-seeks-case-for-faking-her-death-101707005742992.html
• https://www.nagpurtoday.in/state-mlc-tambe-demands-police-action-against-poonam-pandey-for-faking-her-death/02051417

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